Phase-separation of miscible liquids in a centrifuge
نویسنده
چکیده
We show that a liquid mixture in the thermodynamically stable homogeneous phase can undergo a phaseseparation transition when rotated at sufficiently high frequency ω. This phase-transition is different from the usual case where two liquids are immiscible or where the slow sedimentation process of one component (e.g. a polymer) is accelerated due to centrifugation. For a binary mixture, the main coupling is due to a term ∝ ∆ρ(ωr), where ∆ρ is the difference between the two liquid densities and r the distance from the rotation axis. Below the critical temperature there is a critical rotation frequency ωc, below which smooth density gradients occur. When ω > ωc, we find a sharp interface between the low density liquid close to the center of the centrifuge and a high density liquid far from the center. These findings may be relevant to various separation processes and to the control of chemical reactions, in particular their kinetics. Séparation de phases des liquides miscibles dans une centrifugeuse Résumé Nous prouvons qu’un mélange de liquides dans une phase homogène thermodynamiquement stable peut subir une transition de phase une fois centrifugé á une fréquence ω suffisamment élevée. Cette transition de phase est différente du cas habituel où deux liquides sont non-miscibles ou du cas où un processus lent de sédimentation d’un composant (par exemple un polymère) est accéléré par une centrifugation. Pour un mélange binaire, le couplage principal est dû à un terme ∝ ∆ρ(ωr), où ∆ρ est la différence des densités entre les deux liquides et r est la distance de l’axe de rotation. Au-dessous de la température critique, il y a une rotation critique de fréquence ωc ; au-dessous d’ωc, de faibles gradients de densité prennent naissance. Quand ω > ωc, nous trouvons une interface mince entre le liquide de faible densité près du centre de la centrifugeuse et un liquide à haute densité loin du centre. Ces résultats peuvent être appropriés à divers processus de séparation et au contrôle de réactions chimiques, en particulier de leur cinétique.
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